Inequalities of electoral participation in Russia (a review of research in relation to Western theoretical models)
Research Article
How to Cite
Safronov V.V. Inequalities of electoral participation in Russia (a review of research in relation to Western theoretical models). Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2. P. 56–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2022.9.2.3 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article presents an overview of studies of electoral activity of Russian citizens in relation to theoretical concepts that have received empirical justification in stable Western democracies and countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The patterns identified in Russia at the individual level fit into the Western theoretical model of “resources — motivation — mobilization”. It is noted that in Russian works insufficient attention was paid to the social structuring of participation, perhaps due to the inexpressiveness of such differences, and mobilization is discussed mainly in connection with the work of political machines — the role of parties, civil society organizations and social networks remains out of focus. There is general agreement in the literature on Russian voters regarding the key factors explaining participation in voting — they belong to the motivational block. It is argued that absenteeism is supported by the low interest of our fellow citizens in politics and political alienation — distrust of the authorities, politicians and democratic institutions, convictions of the political system’s unresponsiveness to the preferences of citizens and their inability to influence political decisions. However, apart from the rare exceptions presented by the works of Western researchers, convincing evidence of such relationships obtained using relevant statistical methods is not provided. An analysis of regional and district statistics shows that differences in turnout may indicate the use of political machines by the authorities, which serve to mobilize voters dependent on the state — those receiving social benefits and services, employees of state enterprises and institutions, and residents of national republics. These claims deserve further verification through analysis of survey data.
Keywords:
research review, electoral participation, social inequalities, motivations for voting and absenteeism, mobilization and political machines, Western democracies, Central-Eastern Europe, Russia
References
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3. Alekseev R., Abramov A. Elektoral’nyy absenteizm na prezidentskikh i parlamentskikh vyborakh v Rossii (izbiratel’nyye kampanii s 1993 po 2018 g.): prichiny, posledstviya, sposoby preodoleniya [Electoral absenteeism in the presidential and parliamentary elections in Russia (election campaigns from 1993 to 2018): causes, consequences, ways to overcome], Postsovetskiy materik [Post-Soviet Continent], 2018, 4, pp. 43–57. (In Russian)
4. Bersh T.A., Yakimova E.M. Pravo na neuchastiye v vyborakh (absenteizm) cherez prizmu svobodnogo formirovaniya politicheskogo povedeniya grazhdanina [The right to non-participation in elections (absenteeism) through the prism of the free formation of the political behavior of a citizen], Izbiratel’noye pravo [Suffrage Law], 2020, 1, pp. 22–26. (In Russian)
5. Volkova N.V., Dudochnikov A.I. Analiz vliyaniya elektoral’noy aktivnosti na konkurentnost’ vyborov v Rossii [Analysis of the influence of electoral activity on the competitiveness of elections in Russia], Obshchestvo: politika, ekonomika, pravo [Society: politics, economics, law], 2018, 8. https://doi.org/10.24158/pep.2018.8.3. (In Russian)
6. Gudkov L., Dubin B., Zorkaya N. Rossiyskiye parlamentskiye vybory: elektoral’nyy protsess pri avtoritarnom rezhime [Russian parliamentary elections: electoral process under an authoritarian regime], Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya [The Russian Public Opinion Herald], 2012, 1, pp. 5–31. (In Russian)
7. Kovrov V.F. Otrazheniye problemy elektoral’nogo absenteizma v trudakh otechestvennykh uchenykh [Reflection of the problem of electoral absenteeism in the works of domestic scientists], Nauchnyy al’manakh [Scientific almanac], 2015, 9, pp. 1372–1376. https://doi.org/10.17117/na.2015.09.1372. (In Russian)
8. Kulagina E.A. Politicheskaya kul’tura rossiyan: motivatsiya uchastiya/neuchastiya v vyborakh [Political culture of Russians: motivation for participation / nonparticipation in elections], Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya [Public Opinion Monitoring], 2007, 4, pp. 20–29. (In Russian)
9. Mamonov M., Gavrilov I., Vyadro M. Evolyutsiya politicheskogo povedeniya rossiyan v elektoral’nom tsikle 2016–2018 gg. [The evolution of the political behavior of Russians in the electoral cycle of 2016–2018], Vybory na fone Kryma: elektoral’nyy tsikl 2016–2018 gg. i perspektivy politicheskogo tranzita [Elections against the backdrop of Crimea: the electoral cycle of 2016–2018. and prospects for political transit]. Ed. by. V. Fedorov. Moscow: VTSIOM, 2019, pp. 15–104. (In Russian)
10. Milayeva O.V., Siushkin A.E., Androsova L.A. Model’ «elektoral’nogo bessiliya»: k voprosu ob absenteistskom povedenii rossiyan na vyborakh [Model of “electoral impotence”: on the issue of absentee behavior of Russians in elections], Politika i Obshchestvo [Politics and Society], 2017, 7, pp. 28–41. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2017.7.20831. (In Russian)
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Article
Received: 10.08.2022
Accepted: 20.10.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
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[1]
Safronov, V.V. 2022. Inequalities of electoral participation in Russia (a review of research in relation to Western theoretical models). Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 9, 2 (Oct. 2022), 56–95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2022.9.2.3.
Section
Parties in the Political Process
