People do not stop rebelling: actors, strategies, political lessons from social protests in modern France
Research Article
How to Cite
Lapina N.Y. People do not stop rebelling: actors, strategies, political lessons from social protests in modern France. Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 2023. Vol. 10. No. 2. P. 183–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2023.10.2.8 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The entry of the countries of the world into the era of economic globalization was accompanied by the growth of new social inequality and mass protests. Over the past half century, France has seen three types of protest movements. Until 1968, traditional speeches for industrial society prevailed; 1970–1980s. were marked by the development of new social movements; since the early 2000s, France has witnessed a new generation of social movements based on the struggle for greater individual freedoms. Along with protest movements that can be classified, there have been protests in France that do not belong to either traditional or new social movements (the “yellow vest” movement, urban uprisings). Protest activity is considered within the framework of the concept of divided societies. The aim of the study was to show that social protests are becoming more diverse as new cleavages emerge in society. The motivation of social actors, anti-crisis strategies of the authorities and the influence of protest activity on the fragmentation of political space in modern France are analyzed.
Keywords:
Рrotest activity, social movements, divided societies, fragmentation of political space, political radicalization, France, E. Macron, M. Le Pen, J.-L. Mélenchon
References
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2. Bourmaud D., Lapina N.Yu. Dvizhenie «zheltyh zhiletov»: vzglyad iz Rossii i Francii [Movement of “Yellow Vests”: View from Russia and France]. Rossiya i sovremennyj mir [Rossia and the contemporary world], 2019, 3, pp. 37–63. https://doi.org/10.31249/rsm/2019.03.03. (In Russian)
3. Bourmaud D. Dve Frantsii cherez prismu sotsialnih dvizheniy [Two France through the prism of social mouvements]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2021, 3, pp.113–135. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.03.03. (In Russian)
4. Wieviorka M. Social’nye dvizheniya vo Francii (1968–2023) [Social movements in France (1968–2023)]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2023, 3, pp. 55–74. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2023.03.03. (In Russian)
5. Garr T.R. Pochemu lyudi buntuyut [Why people rebel]. St. Petersburg: Piter Publ., 2005. 464 p. (In Russian)
6. Goldstoun Dzh. A., Grinin L.E., Korotaev A.V. Volny revolyucij XXI stoletiya [Waves of revolutions in the 21 st century], Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis. Political Studies], 2022, pp. 108–119. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2022.04.09. (In Russian)
7. Damier V.V. Social’nye dvizheniya protesta v nachale XXI veka [Social protest movements at the beginning of the XXI century]. In: Social’nye dvizheniya i social’naya politika v XX veke [Social movements and social policy in the XXth century]. Ed by V.V. Damier. Mosсow: Institute of World history Russian Academy of Sciences, 2015, рр. 214–258. (In Russian).
8. Duka A.V. Elity v krizisnom obshchestve [Elites in a crisis society]. Vlast’ i elity [Power and Elites]. 2022, 9(1), pp. 5–36. https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2022.9.1.1. (In Russian)
9. Lapina N. Yu. Kontury novogo politicheskogo liderstva [The contours of the new political leadership]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2019, 2, pp. 8–20. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2019.02.01. (In Russian)
10. Lapina N. Yu. (a) «Islamskij factor» i obshchestvenno-politicheskaya diskussiya po voprosam immigracii v sovremennoj Francii [“Islamic factor” and socio-political debate on immigration in modern France]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [World economy and international relations], 2021, 65(11), pp. 97–105. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-11-97-105. (In Russian)
11. Lapina N.Yu. (b) Obshchestvo utrachennyh illyuzij [Society of lost illusions]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2021, 3, pp. 85–112. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.03.04. (In Russian)
12. Lapina N.Yu. Social’nyj protest v global’nom mire [Social protest in the global world], Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2023, 3, pp. 7–31. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2023.03.01. (In Russian)
13. Makarenko B.I. Fragmentaciya partijnyh sistem: prichiny, scenarii, sledstviya [Fragmantation of European party systems: prerequsities, scenarios, sequences]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Wold economy and international relations], 2022, 66(12), pp. 16–26. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-12-16-26. (In Russian)
14. Obichkina E.O. Social’no-politicheskij krizis vo Francii: «zheltye zhilety» i zavershenie «pervoj fazy» pravleniya E. Makrona [Political Crisis in France: “Gilets Jaunes” and the End of the “First Period” of the Emmanuel Macron’s Governance]. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta [MGIMO Review of International Relations], 2019, 2, pp. 101–135. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-2-65-101-135. (In Russian)
15. Rubinsky Yu.I. Primety vremeni. T.3 Franciya na novyh rubezhah [Signs of the times. Vol. 3. France at new frontiers]. Moscow: IE RAN Publ., 2018. 383 p. (In Russian)
16. Semenenko I.S., Lapkin V.V., Pantin V.I. Social’nye razmezhevaniya I politicheskie protivostoyanie v nauchnom diskurse: kriterii ocenki I klassifikacii [Social divisions and political confrontations in scientific discourse: evaluation and classification criteria]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis. Political Studies], 2021, 5, pp. 56–77. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.05.07. (In Russian)
17. Smirnov V.P. Franciya v XX veke [France in the 20th century]. Moscow: Drofa Publ., 2001. 350 р. (In Russian)
18. Troude-Chastenet P. Social’nye dvizheniya protesta vo Francii [The Social Movement of Protest in France]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Wold economy and international relations], 2014, 6, pp. 124–125. (In Russian)
19. Franciya. V poiskah novyh putej [France. In search of new paths]. Еd. by Yu.I. Rubinsky. Moscow: Ves’ mir Publ., 2007. 624 p. (In Russian)
20. Chernega V.N. Problema nasiliya v protestnyh dvizheniyah [The problem of violence in protest movements]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2023, 3, pp. 173–193. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2023.03.09. (In Russian)
21. Yakovlevа N.M., Yakovlev P.P. Latinskaya Amerika: grazhdanskij aktivizm i protestnyj potencial obshchestva [Latin America: civic activism and protest potential of the society]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy [Current problems of Europe], 2023, 3, pp. 238–255. https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2023.03.12. (In Russian)
22. Gauchet M., Conan E., Azouvi F. Macron, les leçons d’un échec. Comprendre le malheur français II. Paris: Ed. Stock, 2021. 303 р.
23. Guilluy Ch. La France périphérique: Comment on a sacrifié les classes populaires. Paris: Flammarion, 2015. 192 p.
24. Histoire des mouvements sociaux en France de 1814 à nos jours / ed. by M. Pigenet, D. Tartakowsky. Paris: La Découverte, 2014 800 p.
25. Oberti М., Guillaume Le Gall М. Analyse comparée et socio-territoriale des émeutes de 2023 en France. URL: https://www.sciencespo.fr/com/news/articleanalyse-emeutes-2023-marco-oberti-maela-guillaume-le-gall.pdf (дата обращения: 20.10.2023).
26. Sondage ELABE pour BFMTV “L’Opinion en direct”: Les Français favorables à des mesures plus fermes pour faire face à la menace terroriste. URL: https://e.mail.ru/newsletters/0:17018853292096616214:500013/ (дата обращения: 6.12.2023).
27. Rouban L. La vraie victoire du RN. Paris, Les Presses de Sciences Po, 2022. 131 p. Todd E. Les luttes de classes en France au au XX-e siècle. Paris: Seuil, 2020. 373 p.
28. Touraine A. Un nouveau paradigmе. Pour comprendre le monde d’aujourd’hui. Paris: Fayard, 2005. 315 p.
Article
Received: 03.08.2023
Accepted: 14.11.2023
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
ACM
[1]
Lapina, N.Y. 2023. People do not stop rebelling: actors, strategies, political lessons from social protests in modern France. Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 10, 2 (Nov. 2023), 183–210. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2023.10.2.8.
Section
Social movements and protests
