Elite Higher Education: The main “forges” of senior administrators abroad and in Russia
Research Article
How to Cite
Tev D.B. Elite Higher Education: The main “forges” of senior administrators abroad and in Russia. Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 2015. Vol. 2. No. 2. P. 250-277. (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article is devoted to the institutions of higher education, which is the main forge of elite administrative cadres abroad and in Russia. The author shows that in some major developed countries a small group of elite universities plays an important role in the preparation and recruitment of senior administrators, In particular, in Japan — first of all, the University of Tokyo, in the US — universities of “Ivy League” located on the east coast of the country’s The system of elite higher education in developed countries performs a number of functions, promoting intergenerational reproduction of the privileged and ruling groups in society, integration and legitimation of the elite.
Next, the author examines the question of what universities are recruiting channels federal administrative elite of Russia. The findings are based on results of an empirical study of educational characteristics of the administrative elite of the Russian Federation (total 575 persons) as of November — December 2013. It is noted that in Russia a central place in the preparation of the administrative elite occupied universities located in the capital, Moscow, whose graduates are overrepresented among senior officials, especially members of the government. This trend may be due to several factors: a disproportionately high share of the natives of Moscow in the elite; high quality and prestige of education that metropolitan universities provide; as well as the positive relationship between the graduation of the capital’s educational institutions and employment opportunities in Moscow, where the central apparatus of the federal authorities is located. Essential as the site of the first higher education of administrative elite are higher educational institutions of Leningrad — St. Petersburg, whose contribution to the higher education of future administrators a much greater than their role in the preparation of the specialists with higher education as a whole.
The author shows that among the universities in which federal administrative elite has received the first higher education, there is a group of educational institutions — above all, the Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State Institute of International Relations, which play a leading role in the preparation of power persons, especially government members and officials of the presidential administration, and, in this sense, can be called “elite” universities. Among the structural units of these universities the law faculty of St. Petersburg State University and the faculty of Economics of Moscow State University are prominent forges of elite personnel. Joint training of future members of the elite in the same high schools, favoring the forming of friendly relations between them, may further contribute to the intra-elite cohesion and act to “pull” factor of elite recruitment.
Keywords:
administrative elite, elite education, universities, recruitment, intra-elite integration
References
1. Assotsiatsiya vyipusknikov MGIMO. [Alumni Association MGMO] URL:http://alumni.mgi-mo.ru/ (accessed: 21.05.2015) (in Russian).
2. Volkov S.V. / Intellektualnyiy sloy v sovetskom obschestve [Volkov S.V. The intelligent strata in Soviet society]. URL: http://www.intellect-invest.org.ua/content/userfiles/files/library/Volkov_-Intellekt_sloi_v_sov_obsh.pdf (accessed:16.04.2013) (in Russian).
3. Vyisshie uchebnyie zavedeniya / Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Higher education institutions / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/~knigi/BSE/Vyisshieuchebnyiezavedeniya (accessed:15.05.2014) (in Russian).
4. Duka A.V. Sotsialnaya differentsiatsiya i rekrutirovanie yadra politicheskogo klassa - politicheskih elit // Politicheskiy klass v sovremennom obschestve [Duka A.V. Social differentiation and recruitment of the core of the political class — political elites, in: Political class in modern society] ed. by O.V. Gaman-Golutvina, Moscow, Rossiyskaya assotsiatsiya politicheskoy nauki (RAPN); Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSPEN), 2012. P. 74-102 (in Russian).
5. Istoriya MGIMO. [History of MGIMO] URL: http://www.mgimo.ru/about/history/ (accessed:13.11.2013) (in Russian).
6. Koryitina E. Gde uchat na ministra: RBK daily predstavlyaet reyting «chinovnichih» vuzov [Korytina E. Where are taught to the Minister: RBC daily presents rating of “bureaucratic” universities] URL: http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2011/05/11/focus/562949980221938 (accessed: 30.12.2011) (in Russian).
7. Leningrad // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Leningrad / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow: 1969-1978.: URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Leningrad32306.html (accessed:15.05.2014). (in Russian).
8. Leningradskiy universitet // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Leningrad university / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow: 1969-1978.: URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/102916/-Leningradskiy (accessed:17.05.2014) (in Russian).
9. Mills R. Vlastvuyuschaya elita / Klassiki sotsiologii. [Mills R. Power Elite / Classics of sociology]. E-BOOK. Moscow, Direkt-Media, 2007 (in Russian).
10. Moskva // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Moscow/ Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Moskva-73876.html (accessed:14.05.2014) (in Russian).
11. Moskovskiy universitet // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Moscow University/ Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/~knigi/BSE/Moskovskiyuniversitet/ (accessed: 17.05.2014) (in Russian).
12. Narodnoe obrazovanie v Sankt-Peterburge, Petrograde, Leningrade [Education in: St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad] / Encyclopedic Reference, ed. by L.N. Belova, Buldakov G.N., Degtyarev A.Y. et al. Moscow, «Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya», 1992, pp. 412-415 (in Russian).
13. Obschaya statistika universiteta. [Overall Statistics of the University]. URL: http://www.msu.ru/science/2010/sci-study.html (accessed: 17.12.2010) (in Russian).
14. Panchenko A. Ptentsyi gnezda de Gollya. [Panchenko A. chicks nest de Gaulle.] URL: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/7376/ (accessed: 12.12.2011) (in Russian).
15. Pismennaya E. Где работают однокурсники президента Дмитрия Медведева. [Pismennaya E. / Medvedev course] URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/management/articles/2011/08/22/kursom_medvedeva (accessed: 21.12.2011) (in Russian).
16. Reyting VUZov Rossii, 2013 g. [Rating of universities in Russia, 2013]. URL: http://www.raexpert.ru/rankingtable/?table_folder=/university/2013/main (available 17/06/2014) (in Russian).
17. Reytingi vuzov po obrazovaniyu predstaviteley elityi gosudarstvennogo upravleniya Rossii 2014. [Ratings of Universities on the basis of education of representatives of public administration elite of Russia in 2014.] URL: http://www.fa.ru/news/Documents/GovElite.pdf. (accessed: 02.11.2014). (in Russian).
18. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, RSFSR (narodnoe obrazovanie i kulturno-prosvetitelnyie uchrezhdeniya) // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, RSFSR (public education, and cultural and educational institutions) / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Rossiskaja-sovetskaja-federativnaja-socialisticheskaja-respublika-rsfsrnarodnoe-obrazovanie-i-kulturno-prosvetitelne-uchrezhdenija-104980.html (accessed:14.05.2014) (in Russian).
19. Studenchestvo // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Studentship / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://encdic.com/enc_sovet/Studenchestvo-85883.html (accessed:14.05.2014). (in Russian).
20. Torkunov A. MGIMO vsegda daval sotsialnyiy lift. [Torkunov A. MGIMO always gave social elevator]. URL: http://www.mgimo.ru/news/experts/document188474.phtml (accessed: 01.10.2011) (in Russian).
21. Universitet Vaseda. URL: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%E0%F1%FD%E4%E0 (accessed: 12.02.2014) (in Russian).
22. Universitet segodnya [University today]. URL: http://spbu.ru/about-us/untoday (accessed:17.05.2014) (in Russian).
23. Faustova E.N. Sotsialnyie korni studentov: opyit sravnitelnogo analiza // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. [Faustova E.N. Social Roots of students: experience of comparative analysis, Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya], 2000, 4, pp. 134-136 (in Russian).
24. Chislennost studentov vyisshih uchebnyih zavedeniy po regionam RF, tyisyacha chelovek, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, znachenie pokazatelya za god [The number of students in higher education institutions by region of RF, a thousand people, the Russian Federation, the value of the index for the year] URL: http://www.gks.ru/scripts/db_inet/dbinet.cgi (accessed:05.01.2014) (in Russian).
25. Shishkin S.V. Elitnoe i massovoe vyisshee obrazovanie: sotsialno-ekonomicheskie razlichiya // Voprosyi obrazovaniya. 2006. № 2. P. 203-221. (in Russian).
26. Efendiev A.G., Dudina O.M. Moskovskoe studenchestvo v period reformirovaniya rossiyskogo obschestva [Efendiev A.G., Dudina O.M. Moscow Studentship in the period of russian society transformations] // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1997. № 9. P. 41-56 (in Russian).
27. Aberbach J.D., Krauss E.S., Muramatsu M., Rockman B.A. Comparing Japanese and American Administrative Elites, British Journal of Political Science, 1990, 20(4), pp. 461-488.
28. Aberbach J.D., Putnam R.D., Rockman B.A. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, 1981.
29. Amyot G. Business, The State and Economic Policy: The Case of Italy. London; New York: Routledge, 2004.
30. Boliver V. Widening Participation and Fair Access at the University of Oxford. Working Paper Number 2004-02. URL: www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/documents/working-papers/2004/2004-02.pdf (available 15.12.2004).
31. Bourdieu P. The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989.
32. Brezis E.S. Globalization and the Emergence of a Transnational Oligarchy. Working Paper No. 2010/05. Helsinki: UNU-WIDER, 2010. URL: http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/2010/en_GB/wp2010-05/_files/82910699597922332/default/2010-05.pdf (available 17.09.2010).
33. Dargie C., Locke R. The British Senior Civil Service, in: Bureaucratic Elites in Western European States: A Comparative Analysis of Top Officials, ed. by Page E.C., Wright V. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. P. 178-204.
34. Hartmann M. Class-specific habitus and the social reproduction of the business elite in Germany and France, The Sociological Review, 2000, 48(2), pp. 241-261.
35. Hartmann M. Elites and Power Structure, in: Handbook of European Societies: Social Transformations in the 21st Century, ed. by Immerfall S., Therborn G. Berlin, New York: Springer, 2010. P. 291-323.
36. Hartmann M. The Sociology of Elites. London; New York: Routledge, 2007.
37. Heemskerk E.M. Decline of the Corporate Community Network Dynamics of the Dutch Business Elite. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007.
38. Kerbo H.R., McKinstry J.A. Who Rules Japan? The Inner Circles of Economic and Political Power. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.
39. Maclean M., Harvey C., Press J. Managerialism and the Post-war evolution of the French national business system, Business History, 2007, 49(4), pp. 531-551.
40. Mann D.E. The Selection of Federal Political Executives, American Political Science Review, 1964, 58(1), pp. 81-99.
41. Mccoy D., Stroupe E. The Study of Political Elites in Federal Democracies, International Review of Sociology, 2001, 11(2), pp. 247-264.
42. Putnam R.D. The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
43. Rouban L. The Senior Civil Service in France, in: Bureaucratic Elites in Western European States: A Comparative Analysis of Top Offi cials, ed. by Page C., Wright V. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. P. 65-89.
44. Scott J. Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
45. Soares J.A. The power of privilege: Yale and America’s elite colleges. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
46. Suleiman E.N. Self-Image, Legitimacy and the Stability of Elites: The Case of France, British Journal of Political Science, 1977, 7(2), pp. 191-215.
47. Useem M. Corporations and the Corporate Elite, Annual Review of Sociology, 1980, 6, pp. 41-77.
48. Wilson G.K. Business and Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Chatham, NJ.: Chatham House Publishers, 1990.
2. Volkov S.V. / Intellektualnyiy sloy v sovetskom obschestve [Volkov S.V. The intelligent strata in Soviet society]. URL: http://www.intellect-invest.org.ua/content/userfiles/files/library/Volkov_-Intellekt_sloi_v_sov_obsh.pdf (accessed:16.04.2013) (in Russian).
3. Vyisshie uchebnyie zavedeniya / Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Higher education institutions / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/~knigi/BSE/Vyisshieuchebnyiezavedeniya (accessed:15.05.2014) (in Russian).
4. Duka A.V. Sotsialnaya differentsiatsiya i rekrutirovanie yadra politicheskogo klassa - politicheskih elit // Politicheskiy klass v sovremennom obschestve [Duka A.V. Social differentiation and recruitment of the core of the political class — political elites, in: Political class in modern society] ed. by O.V. Gaman-Golutvina, Moscow, Rossiyskaya assotsiatsiya politicheskoy nauki (RAPN); Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSPEN), 2012. P. 74-102 (in Russian).
5. Istoriya MGIMO. [History of MGIMO] URL: http://www.mgimo.ru/about/history/ (accessed:13.11.2013) (in Russian).
6. Koryitina E. Gde uchat na ministra: RBK daily predstavlyaet reyting «chinovnichih» vuzov [Korytina E. Where are taught to the Minister: RBC daily presents rating of “bureaucratic” universities] URL: http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2011/05/11/focus/562949980221938 (accessed: 30.12.2011) (in Russian).
7. Leningrad // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Leningrad / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow: 1969-1978.: URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Leningrad32306.html (accessed:15.05.2014). (in Russian).
8. Leningradskiy universitet // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Leningrad university / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow: 1969-1978.: URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/102916/-Leningradskiy (accessed:17.05.2014) (in Russian).
9. Mills R. Vlastvuyuschaya elita / Klassiki sotsiologii. [Mills R. Power Elite / Classics of sociology]. E-BOOK. Moscow, Direkt-Media, 2007 (in Russian).
10. Moskva // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Moscow/ Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Moskva-73876.html (accessed:14.05.2014) (in Russian).
11. Moskovskiy universitet // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Moscow University/ Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/~knigi/BSE/Moskovskiyuniversitet/ (accessed: 17.05.2014) (in Russian).
12. Narodnoe obrazovanie v Sankt-Peterburge, Petrograde, Leningrade [Education in: St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad] / Encyclopedic Reference, ed. by L.N. Belova, Buldakov G.N., Degtyarev A.Y. et al. Moscow, «Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya», 1992, pp. 412-415 (in Russian).
13. Obschaya statistika universiteta. [Overall Statistics of the University]. URL: http://www.msu.ru/science/2010/sci-study.html (accessed: 17.12.2010) (in Russian).
14. Panchenko A. Ptentsyi gnezda de Gollya. [Panchenko A. chicks nest de Gaulle.] URL: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/7376/ (accessed: 12.12.2011) (in Russian).
15. Pismennaya E. Где работают однокурсники президента Дмитрия Медведева. [Pismennaya E. / Medvedev course] URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/management/articles/2011/08/22/kursom_medvedeva (accessed: 21.12.2011) (in Russian).
16. Reyting VUZov Rossii, 2013 g. [Rating of universities in Russia, 2013]. URL: http://www.raexpert.ru/rankingtable/?table_folder=/university/2013/main (available 17/06/2014) (in Russian).
17. Reytingi vuzov po obrazovaniyu predstaviteley elityi gosudarstvennogo upravleniya Rossii 2014. [Ratings of Universities on the basis of education of representatives of public administration elite of Russia in 2014.] URL: http://www.fa.ru/news/Documents/GovElite.pdf. (accessed: 02.11.2014). (in Russian).
18. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, RSFSR (narodnoe obrazovanie i kulturno-prosvetitelnyie uchrezhdeniya) // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, RSFSR (public education, and cultural and educational institutions) / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Rossiskaja-sovetskaja-federativnaja-socialisticheskaja-respublika-rsfsrnarodnoe-obrazovanie-i-kulturno-prosvetitelne-uchrezhdenija-104980.html (accessed:14.05.2014) (in Russian).
19. Studenchestvo // Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. [Studentship / Great Soviet Encyclopedia] Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. URL: http://encdic.com/enc_sovet/Studenchestvo-85883.html (accessed:14.05.2014). (in Russian).
20. Torkunov A. MGIMO vsegda daval sotsialnyiy lift. [Torkunov A. MGIMO always gave social elevator]. URL: http://www.mgimo.ru/news/experts/document188474.phtml (accessed: 01.10.2011) (in Russian).
21. Universitet Vaseda. URL: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%E0%F1%FD%E4%E0 (accessed: 12.02.2014) (in Russian).
22. Universitet segodnya [University today]. URL: http://spbu.ru/about-us/untoday (accessed:17.05.2014) (in Russian).
23. Faustova E.N. Sotsialnyie korni studentov: opyit sravnitelnogo analiza // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. [Faustova E.N. Social Roots of students: experience of comparative analysis, Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya], 2000, 4, pp. 134-136 (in Russian).
24. Chislennost studentov vyisshih uchebnyih zavedeniy po regionam RF, tyisyacha chelovek, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, znachenie pokazatelya za god [The number of students in higher education institutions by region of RF, a thousand people, the Russian Federation, the value of the index for the year] URL: http://www.gks.ru/scripts/db_inet/dbinet.cgi (accessed:05.01.2014) (in Russian).
25. Shishkin S.V. Elitnoe i massovoe vyisshee obrazovanie: sotsialno-ekonomicheskie razlichiya // Voprosyi obrazovaniya. 2006. № 2. P. 203-221. (in Russian).
26. Efendiev A.G., Dudina O.M. Moskovskoe studenchestvo v period reformirovaniya rossiyskogo obschestva [Efendiev A.G., Dudina O.M. Moscow Studentship in the period of russian society transformations] // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1997. № 9. P. 41-56 (in Russian).
27. Aberbach J.D., Krauss E.S., Muramatsu M., Rockman B.A. Comparing Japanese and American Administrative Elites, British Journal of Political Science, 1990, 20(4), pp. 461-488.
28. Aberbach J.D., Putnam R.D., Rockman B.A. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, 1981.
29. Amyot G. Business, The State and Economic Policy: The Case of Italy. London; New York: Routledge, 2004.
30. Boliver V. Widening Participation and Fair Access at the University of Oxford. Working Paper Number 2004-02. URL: www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/documents/working-papers/2004/2004-02.pdf (available 15.12.2004).
31. Bourdieu P. The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989.
32. Brezis E.S. Globalization and the Emergence of a Transnational Oligarchy. Working Paper No. 2010/05. Helsinki: UNU-WIDER, 2010. URL: http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/2010/en_GB/wp2010-05/_files/82910699597922332/default/2010-05.pdf (available 17.09.2010).
33. Dargie C., Locke R. The British Senior Civil Service, in: Bureaucratic Elites in Western European States: A Comparative Analysis of Top Officials, ed. by Page E.C., Wright V. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. P. 178-204.
34. Hartmann M. Class-specific habitus and the social reproduction of the business elite in Germany and France, The Sociological Review, 2000, 48(2), pp. 241-261.
35. Hartmann M. Elites and Power Structure, in: Handbook of European Societies: Social Transformations in the 21st Century, ed. by Immerfall S., Therborn G. Berlin, New York: Springer, 2010. P. 291-323.
36. Hartmann M. The Sociology of Elites. London; New York: Routledge, 2007.
37. Heemskerk E.M. Decline of the Corporate Community Network Dynamics of the Dutch Business Elite. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007.
38. Kerbo H.R., McKinstry J.A. Who Rules Japan? The Inner Circles of Economic and Political Power. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.
39. Maclean M., Harvey C., Press J. Managerialism and the Post-war evolution of the French national business system, Business History, 2007, 49(4), pp. 531-551.
40. Mann D.E. The Selection of Federal Political Executives, American Political Science Review, 1964, 58(1), pp. 81-99.
41. Mccoy D., Stroupe E. The Study of Political Elites in Federal Democracies, International Review of Sociology, 2001, 11(2), pp. 247-264.
42. Putnam R.D. The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
43. Rouban L. The Senior Civil Service in France, in: Bureaucratic Elites in Western European States: A Comparative Analysis of Top Offi cials, ed. by Page C., Wright V. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. P. 65-89.
44. Scott J. Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
45. Soares J.A. The power of privilege: Yale and America’s elite colleges. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
46. Suleiman E.N. Self-Image, Legitimacy and the Stability of Elites: The Case of France, British Journal of Political Science, 1977, 7(2), pp. 191-215.
47. Useem M. Corporations and the Corporate Elite, Annual Review of Sociology, 1980, 6, pp. 41-77.
48. Wilson G.K. Business and Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Chatham, NJ.: Chatham House Publishers, 1990.
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
ACM
[1]
Tev, D.B. 2015. Elite Higher Education: The main “forges” of senior administrators abroad and in Russia. Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites). 2, 2 (Nov. 2015), 250-277.
Section
Administrative Elites
